Fluid meter



Dec. 31, 1935.v MCORNELL n 2,025,849

FLUID METER Fileduuly '5, 1935 e sheets-sheet 1 Dec. 31, 193,5. M CORNELL 2,025,849

FLUID METER Filed July 3, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 De. 31, 1935, M. CORNELL 2,025,849

. FLUID METER Filed July 5, 1953 e Isheets-sheet 3 Def 31, 1935- M. CORNELL 2,025.59A

FLUID METER Filed July 3, 1933 6 Sheets-Shet 4' Dec. 31, 1935. M CQRNELL '2,025,89

FLUID METER Filgd July 3, 193s e suelen-Sheet 5 Dec.`31, 1935.

M. CORNELL FLUID METER Filed July 3, 1933 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented Dec. 31., 1.9325 l UNITED s'rlrrlas FLUID METER Mead Cornell, St. Louis, Mo., assigner to Lincoln ngineerlng Company,

d ration of Missouri St. Louis, Mo., a corpo- Application July 3, 1933, Serial No. 678,828

This invention relates to meters, and with regard to certain more specic features. to me- -ters for measuring uid ow of the positive displacement type.

Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision of a iiuid iiow meter which has a minimum number of moving parts which are subject to wear, and which is there- .fore reliable in operation over long periods of time without replacements or repair; a meter of the class described which is particularly adapted to the handling of liquids of high viscosity, such as lubricating greases, and which is constructed to shear oil? cleanly and accurately a series of measured quantities in metering, as 'contrasted with meters whose ports are not of shearing type and thereby introduce variations in accuracy; a meter of the class described com- -prising a pair of lcooperating cylinders and a piston so arranged to function alternately as driving and measuring means, the meter being so arranged that that portion of the piston when acting as a driving piston has a greater turning moment`than that portion of the piston then acting as measuring means; andthe provision ci a meter of the in construction and operation. Other-objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the elements and combinations of elements, features of construction, and arrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the structures hereinafter described, and the'scope of the, application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated one of various possible embodiments of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of ing the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the meter of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a bottom planview of the meter 'of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but with a certain cover plate removed;

Fig. 5'is a view similar to Fig.3, but with a certain bottom plate removed;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the inside of the bottc-m plate removed from Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, but with certain additional elements removed;

Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-section taken on line 8--8 of Figures 1 and 3;

Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 are views to a meter embodyclass described which is simple (Cl. 'I3-37) Fig. `5, showing successive positions of a moving element; I i

Fig. 13 is a section Fig. 1; and,

Fig. 14 is a horizontal section taken on line Il-M of Fig. 2.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Referring now more particularly to Figures 1 and 2. numeral I indicates a cylindrical casing, which may be cast from brass or the like, and which houses the meter of the present invention. The casing I has a top cover portion-3 secured thereto by screws 5, and a bottom cover portion 1 secured by studs 9. The top cover 3 carries indicia\| I suitable to `indicate the volume of iluid being metered, when cooperating with a rotatable handle or pointer I3. A detent stop I5 extends through the cover 3 to limit the motion of the pointer I3. The construction of the pointer I3 and detent I5 will be elaborated hereinafter.

On the side of the casing I, near the top thereof, is provided a threaded pipe-receiving hole I1, which constitutes the meter outlet.

"Phe bottom cover plate 1 (see also Fig. 3) is of generally circular shape, except for diametrically opposite extending ears I9. which receive two of the studs 9. The casing I (see Fig. 2) is provided with ears 2l corresponding in position to the ears I9. From the center of the bottom cover 1 leads a pipe-receiving inlet 23, which inlet 23 spreads as it joins the cover proper` into a nozzle-shaped portion 25. 'I'he portion 25 communicates with two crescent-shaped ports 21 leading through the lcover 1.

The casing I is provided with a partition 29 (see Fig. A8) extending thereacross, the partition taken on line I3I3 of 29 dividing the casing l into an upper chamber k3| and a lower chamber 33.

municates with a The outlet I1 cornpassage in the upper chamber 3|, which passage 35 expands into a nozzleshaped portion 31 as it intersects the partition 29. From the portion 31 two crescent-,shaped ports 39 lead into the lower chamber 33. The ports 39 are disposed on the opposite side of the chamber 33 from the ports 21 in the bottom cover 1, when the meter is in assembled condition.

The lower chamber 33 is not cylindrical, as is Vvthe upper chamber 3I. Rather, it comprises a pair of circular recesses or cylinders MA and 4IB, which are substantially, although not quite, tangential, and whichv are connected by a passage 43. 'I'he general configuration o1 the recesses IA and 4IB and the passage 43 is that of the imprint of a nat-faced dumbbell. The edges of the recesses 4 IA and 4IB and the bottom surface'of saidrecesses are preferably machined or otherwise shaped accurately. The aforementioned ports 39 are disposed symmetrically, one in eachcof the recesses 4 IA and 4IB.

The bottom cover plate 1, as will be/seen in Fig. 6, is provided with an accurately machined inner face, in which is embedded an oil-saturated cork gasket 45 of elongated oval shape. The gasket 45 is positioned and shaped so that when the cover plate 1 is applied, it surrounds the pair of recesses 4IA and 4IB completely (see Fig. 8) and prevents leakage therefrom. The ports 21 are likewise so disposed as to be arranged symmetrically. one to each of the recesses 4IA and 4IB, when the cover plate 1 is secured in position on the casing.

Additional recesses 41 in the walls of the casing I (see Figures 5 and 7) are provided to reduce the weight of the assembled meter, the recesses 41 otherwise serving no useful function.

Fitting within the recesses 4IA and 4IB and passage 43 is a piston 49 which has the general conformation of a dumbbell, comprising a circular head or lobe 5I. a somewhat cardioid-shaped head or lobe 53, and a connecting bar 55. The piston 49 has flat upper and lower surfaces, and is just thick enough that it will slide in the recesses 4IA and 4IB against the tops thereof, and the flat inner surface of cover 1, without binding. In assembly (see Fig. 5), the piston 49 is positioned so that the head 5I is in the lefthand recess 4IA while the head 53 is in the righthand recess 4IB, while the connecting bar 55 slides in the passage 43. The heads 5I and 53 are just large enough so that they are capable lof covering both inlet and outlet ports 39 and 21, respectively, at the same time; the head 5I is indicated in such a position in Fig. 5.

Movement of the piston 49 in the recesses 4IA and 4IB is conditioned in two manners. First, there is provided in the center of passage 43 a rotatable pin 51 (see Fig. 8) having, for example, a rectangular head 59. The head 59 ts within a slot 5I in the upper side of theconnecting bar 55. This arrangement permits the piston 59 to slide freely within the recesses 4I A and 4IB, but limits its rotation to that around the pin 51 as a center. The other movement-limiting means includes an annular channel 53 (see also Fig. '1) provided in the center of the recess 4IA, and a pin 55 mounted centrally in the circular head 5I. A collar 51 fits on the pin 65 and is in diameter -enough less than the width of the channel 63 to permit of its free movement therein. This arrangement confines movement of the piston 49 within the recesses to such an extent that the center of head 5I is always constrained to move in a circle about the center of the recess 4 IA, the sliding of the head 59 in the slot 6I freely permitting such movement. 'I'he head 59 represents the middle point of a straight line connecting the centers of the chambers, while the slot 5I represents a straight line connecting the, centers of the piston lobes. Thus, another criterion off movement of the meter is that a straight line connecting the centers of the piston lobes intersects, at all times, the middle point of a straight line connecting the centers of the chambers. The movement of each individual head is thus heliocentric, while the movement of the dumbbell 49 as a whole is both reciprocatory and oscillatory. i

tory motion limiting means. The geometry of l0 the situation, for such movement, requires that either the head 53 or the recess 4IB be slightly 'cardioid-shaped, otherwise the desired movement will be prohibited. As it is generally easier to outwardly shape a body to a cardioid-shape l5 than to inwardly drill it to such a shape, it is preferred to make the head 53 the cardioid and the recess 4IB circular, although the reverse, with the recess 4 IB cardioid-shaped and the head 53 circular, is equally operable.

While 'the shape of the head 53 is herein referred to as that of a cardioid, this term is not to be construed strictly, as it is possible that the shape is not that of a true mathematical cardioid. Rather, the term cardioid as used herein is 25 intended to cover the shape of the head required by the particularmovements and shapes of the other elements in order to make operation of the device possible.

The walls of the passage 43 (see Figures 5 30 and '1) are rounded or pointed as at numeral 69 to permit .free rotation of the connecting bar 55 in the manner described. The clearance between the walls 59 and the bar 55 does not have to be leakproof.

The means thus far described have to do particularly with the positive displacement or metering of the fluid. In the upper chamber 3i are provided the means for indicating the quantity of uid metered or displaced. The means com- 40 prise a shaft 1I (Figures 4 and 8), which extends through the top cover plate 3, and to which is afllxed the pointer I3. The manner of ailixing the pointer I3 is indicated more particularly in Figures 8 and 14. To the shaft 1I is threaded a 47 disc 13 having a relatively long shank 15. Rotatably fitting on theshank 15, and extending over the disc 13, is a knob11, to which is amxed the pointer member 13 per se, the member 19 extending radially outwardly to cooperate with the index 50 characters II on the plate 3. An acorn nut 8i threads on the end of shank 15 and holds the assembly together, without, however, binding or restricting the movement of knob 11. In the top face of disc 13 there is provided, at the periphery, a rectangular notch or groove 83, which tapers radially (that is, the end 85 of the groove 83 is narrower than the end 81). In the groove 83 is a compression spring 89 and a disc 9|. The disc 9i normally rests against the inner surface 93 of the knob 11 and the walls of groove 83, and the spring 89 tends always to push the disc 9i in the direction of the narrower end 85. This arrangement constitutes an overriding clutch or free-wheeling device, whereby manual rotation of 65 the knob 11 on the shaft 1I is permitted in a counterclockwise direction, but is prevented in a clockwise direction. This arrangement permits the user of the meter to set the knob 11 back to zero position at any time, but preventshim from arbitrarily turning the knob in a direction to increase the reading of volume of fluid delivered, thus preventing fraud in the dispensing of iiuid through the device.

The inner end of shaft 1I is borne in a bearing 75 92 comprising an extension from the partition 29. Under e plate 3 there is afiixed to the shaft 1| a gear 5 (Fig. 4) which meshes with a pinion 91. 'Ihe pinion 91 is mounted on a shaft 99 which also /carries a gear V|0| meshing with another pinion |03 on a shaft |05. .The shaft |05 carries a third gear' |01 which meshes with a pinion |09 on a shaft ||I. The'shafts 99 and |05'are borne in l, bearings also comprising extensions from the m partition 29. The shaft ||I, however. extendsv entirely through the partition 29, and is located centrally in the protrusion`||3 on partition 29 which forms the center of the annular groove 63. On its inner end, the shaft is bent sharply at aright-angle, the right-angle portion ||5 extending across the annular channel or groove 63.' The protrusion ||9 is cut short enough so that the portion ||5 does not extend below the level of the upper surface of recess 4|A.

'I'he pin 55 mounted centrally in head 5| of the dumbbell 49,-it will be remembered, moves in acircle in the channel 93. 'I'his pin 65 (or the collar 61 mounted thereon) engages the portion I I5 of the shaft and provides for coextensive rotation of the dumbbeli 49 and the shaft I Inasmuch as the-'number of heliocentric rotations of the head 5| of piston 49 determines the volume of uid being passed, or metered, the number of rotations of the shaft is thus an 3o index of the volume metered. The gears 95,

|0I, |01, and the pinions 91, |03, and |09 constitute a reduction gear train which moves the pointer |3 in conjunction with the rotation of shaft, and thus indicates the volume of fluid 95 meteredat a position visible to the user Rotation ofthe shaft rotates the pointer |3 in a clockwise direction. If the amount metered in a given time is in excess of that represented by a full rotation of the pointer I3 on 40 the dial 3, it is desirable that the pointer I9 be permitted to continue its rotation into a second circle without interference by the detent I5. At

. the same time, it is desirable that the detent I5 be always in position to stop manual counterclockwise rotation of the pointer I3 at the zero mark. The construction of the detent l5, as shown in Fig. 13, permits both of these desiderata. 'Ihe detent I5 comprises a triangular member II1, at one end of which is a pin |I9 whichis carried in suitable bearings on the under side of the plate 3.` The pin I|9 is parallel to the plate 3. A spring |2I maintains the member ||1 at all times in upwardly extended position. The conformation of the member 1 is such that a vertical face |23 is always presented to counterclockwise rotation of the pointer I3, which yvertical face acts as a positive stop, but a sloping face |25 is presented to clockwise rotation of the pointer I3, which sloping face |25 permits the 61) shank of pointer I3 to depress the detent against the spring |2| and thus to permit the pointer I3 to pass unimpedely over the detent.

A packing arrangement |21 (Fig. 8) prevents leakage of uid around the shaft Il.

55 It will be understood that the means provided for volume registration (that is, the plate 3, and all of the mechanism in chamber 3|) are by way of example only, and that any other suitable registration means operable by the rotation of '0 shaft can be substituted therefor within the scope of the invention.

The operation of the metering section of the device is as follows:

Let it be assumed that the meter is complete- 5 1y assembled and the piston 49 is initially in the ,The loitudinal axis of the piston 49 is superimposed on the longitudinal axis of the recesses. 4I. 5 The piston 49 as a whole is in effect on dead` -center with respect to any motion to be derived from the cylinder 4|A, as both the inlet and outlet ports of said cylinder4IA are closed. However, the piston is in advantageous position to 10 be movedby fluid coming into cylinder 4|B through its inlet port 21B. The first effect of the fluid entering cylinder 4|B is to rotate the piston 49 in a counterclockwise manner to the position shown in Fig. 9. This is accomplished 15` by the fluid pressure reacting on the partition constituting the head 53 and the connecting bar 55. Inasmuch as substantially the entire bar 55 is within the cylinder 4|B, the turning moment -of' this fluid pressure on the piston 49 is great- 20 ly in excess of any turning resistance set up, for example, by a non-moving charge of fluid in cylinder 4IA.

As the Fig. 9 position is assumed, the head 5| moves to uncover both inlet port 21A and 25 outlet port 39A in cylinder 4|A. 'I'he two ports .thus opened, however, communicate with separate portions of the cylinder 4|A, due to the barrier effected by the head 5| and the bar 55. Incoming fluidv from port 21A immediately com- 30 mences to exert a turning moment on the piston 49 in aid of that supplied bythe reaction of the fluid in cylinder 4|B.

However, the moment of rotation in the cylinder 4|B remains in excess of that in chamber 35 4|A, so that further uid, being unable further to rotate the piston in a counterclockwise manner, commences to push the pistonto the left in a sliding manner, to the position illustrated by f Fig 10. By the time the been reached, the turning moment of the incoming uid in both cylinders is about equal, but since the fluid pressure in cylinder 4|A is aiding, rather than opposing the direction of movement of the piston 49, such reciprocating motion 45 continues until the outlet port 39B'of cylinder 4|B is nearly closed, at which time the fluid in cylinder MA commences to exert a clockwise rotational effect upon the piston 49. It will be understood throughout that the direction of move- 50 ment of the piston 49 is regulated by the two means hereinbefore described.

During all of this time, both cylinders 4|A and 4|B have been lling with fluid, until now cylinder 4 IB is substantially completely full. The 55 clockwise rotation of the piston `49 almost immediately moves the head 53 into position to close both ports 21B and 39B, in which position the device is substantially in the opposite dead center position to that of the Fig. 5 position. Fig. (zo 1l shows this second dead center position.

In the Fig. 11 position, the facts are precisely opposite to those existing at the assumed start of operations. .Ports 21B and 39B are completely closed, while ports 21A and 39A are both 65 completely open. Cylinder 4|B is filled with a measured volume of fluid, and since both inlet and outlet ports to that cylinder are closed, it will be seen lthat an accurate quantity of fluid has been metered out.

The reverse cycle, whereby the piston 49 moves from the Fig. 11 position back to the Fig. 5 position, takes place in almost the same manner as the forward cycle described. Fluid in cylinder` 4IA operates at a considerable mechanical ad- 75 Fig.' 10 position has 40 vantage to unseat the head 5I from its dead center position. `As soon as the head 53 is unseated and the inlet port 21B is uncovered, uid commencesy to flow into cylinder IIB to aid in continuing the motion of the piston. However, this time the cylinder IIB is tllled with a measured quantity of uid, which is delivered through the outlet port 39B as soon as such port is uncovered. The delivery of the measured fluid is in part due to the pressure of the incoming iiuid in the same chamber operating onl the other side of the head 53, and partly to the pressure of the :duid in the other cylinder 4IA on the head 5I.

A stage intermediate between the dead center positions on the return stroke is shown in Fig. 12.

Finally, when the Fig. 5 position is again achieved, the cylinderA Il IA is completely filled with fluid, and the cylinder 4 IB is` about half -fllled with incoming iiuid and hali-lled with fluid still to be ejected. During the motion described (from Fig. 5 back to Fig. 5) the head 5I has completed one heliocentric rotation. Y

n subsequent cycles, it will be seen that for each complete heliocentric rotation of the head I the device as a whole discharges a complete measured charge from each of the cylinders 4IA and IIB. Both charges have been accurately and positively displaced, so that the rotation of the shaft III is an accurate measure oi the volume of fluid metered. The arrangement by which each time one of the heads is in dead center position, the other head in its cylinder is operating as a driving means to unseat the dead center head to initiate its further movement to exhaust its own cylinder, is particularly advantageous. The fact that the head thus operating momentarily as a driving means is positioned so as to have an increased turning moment inthe desired direction makes the device substantially non-stalling, and at the same time greatly reduces the energy 'consumption from the fiuiddin passing through the meter.

Thus it will be seen that the present invention may be characterized broadly as a meter provided with a pair of circular cylinders in the same plane, and a piston comprising two joined heads each of which moves substantially heliocentrically within one of the cylinders, and inlet and outlet ports for each of the cylinders, the ports being so arranged that one of the heads is acting as a driving means to move the other head off a dead center position and initiate the exhaustion of a measured quantity of iluid from the other cylinder, and at the same time the cylinder of the driving piston is itself being filled with a measured charge of iluid.

By reason of the disposition of the dumbbellshaped piston member, the alternately developed mechanical advantage had by the head as it becomes the driving member is so great that the movement of the other head while in dead center or median position with its ports both closed, is easily accomplished. The power consumed by the moving piston is so well utilized, and its turning moments so disposed, that the meter operates on extremely low pressures and is adaptable to use on fluids of very low viscosity and head.

The meter as described is, however, particularly adaptable to the measuring of quantities of heavy viscous liquids such as lubricating grease. This is because the valve cut-offs comprising the inlet and outlet ports act in a shearing manner, which is more advantageous to achieve accurate measurement of such liquids than the more usual type of valve.

When the meter is designed for grease measurenient, it is desirable that a slight clearance be provided for between the piston and the cylinders. This is because there is a considerable power consumption occasioned by scraping a metal surface 5 entirely clean of grease, while if a film oi grease v of calculated dimensions is allowed to remain on the cylinder walls at all times, the power consurnption is decreased and just as eective a measurement is securedfthe unit measure then being dilo minished by the volume of grease considered as a permanent layer on the cylinder walls. With less l viscous liquids, however, this clearance may sometimes have to be reduced in the interest of accuracy. l5

The limit speed of the meter is practically determined by the friction on the liquid moving through the meter, and not by the friction of the meter parts on themselves. TheV device is absolutely automatic in operation, and, so far as the metering device proper is concerned, there is but one part in action, no separate valve controls, etc., being necessary.

It will be seen that. with the tandem inlets and outlets for the two cylinders, there is substantially no tendencyy for one to leak into the other. Such inner leakage, at any rate, could take place only along the connecting bar 55, were there a difterence of pressure in the two chambers, which pressure diil'erence cannot occur lbecause the two 30 chambers are connected together directly outside, both on the inlet and outlet sides.

To reduce the weight of the device, the heads El and 53 may be suitably hollowed out,'except where their faces cover the ports. Such hollowing out has the beneficial eiect of reducing the energy consumed by decreasing the inertia of the moving member.

In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and 40 other advantageous results attained.

'As many changes could be made in carrying out the above constructions without departing from the scope ofthe invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim: 1. A meter comprising a casing having a pair of cylindrical chambers positioned side by side, and a passage connecting said chambers, a piston comprising a tWo-lobed member, one lobe being positioned in each of said chambers, each lobe having a smooth peripheral contour throughout, and a connecting bar between said lobes and positioned in said passage, at least one of the two chambers or its cooperating lobe having a substantially cardioid shape, while the other chamber and lobe have circular shapes, said chambers each having inlet and outlet ports, and means constraining the piston lobes to move in predetermined paths within said chambers, maintaining at all times a sealing relationship with respect to the walls of said chambers, the inlet and outlet 65 ports of each chamber being so disposed in that chamber that the lobe in said chamber at all times maintains said ports out of communication with each other. I

2. A meter comprising a casing having a pair of cylindrical chambers positioned side by side, and a passage connecting said chambers, said chambers each having upper and lower heads comprising substantially plane, parallel surfaces, a, piston comprising a two-lobed member, one lobe lobe having a smooth peripheral contour throughout, and a connecting bar between said lobes andl positioned in said passage, at least one of the two chambers or its cooperating lobe having a substantially cardioid shape, said upper and lower heads having therein inlet and outlet ports for each chamber, and means constraining the piston lobes to move in predetermined paths within said chambers and maintaining at all times a sealing relationship with rezpect to the walls ofsaid chambers, said ports being so disposed on the chamber heads that, in each chamber, the lobe in said'chamber at all times maintains said ports out of communication with each other.

3. A meter comprising a casing having a pair of cylindrical chambers positioned side by side, and a passage connecting said chambers, said chambers each having upper and lower heads comprising substantially plane, parallel surfaces, a'piston comprising a two-lobed member, one lobe being positioned in each of said chambers, each lobe having a smooth peripheral contour throughout, and a connecting bar between said lobes and positioned in said passage, at least one of the two chambers or its cooperatinglobe having a substantially qardioid shape, said upper and lower heads having therein inlet and outlet ports for each chamber, and means constraining the piston lobes to move in predetermined paths within said chambers and maintaining at all times a. sealing relationship with respect to the walls of said chambers, said constraining means including means forcing the center of one oi' the piston lobes to rotate in a circular path about the center of the chamber containing said lobe, said ports being so'disposed on the chamber heads that, in each chamber, the lobe in said chamber at all times maintains said ports out lof communication with each other. f

4. A meter comprising a casing having a pair of cylindrical chambers positioned side by side, and a passage connecting said chambers, said chambers each having upper and lower heads comprising substantially plane, parallel surfaces,

a piston comprising a two-lobed member, one lobe being positioned in each oi said chambers, each lobe having a smooth peripheral contour through- 2,025,849 being positioned in each of'said-chambers, each out, and a connecting bar between said lobes and positioned in said passage, at least one of the two chambers or its cooperating lobe having a substantially cardioid shape. said upper and lower heads having therein-inlet and outlet ports for 5 each chamber, and means constraining the piston lobes to move in predetermined paths within said chambers and maintaining at all times a sealing relationship `with respect to the walls of said chambers, said constraining means including means forcing a straight line connecting the centers of said two piston lobes to intersect, at all times, a point at the middle of a straight line connecting the centers of the chambers, said ports being so disposed on the chamber heads that, in each chambenthe, lobe in said chamber at all times maintains said ports out of communication with each other.

5. A meter comprising a casing having a pair of cylindrical chambers positionedL side. by side, and a passage connecting said chambers, said chambers each having upper and lower headscomprising substantially plane, parallel surfaces,

a piston comprising a -two-lobed member, one lobe being positioned in each of said chambers, each lobeA having a smooth peripheral contour throughout, and a connecting bar between said lobes' and positioned in said passage, at least one of the two chambers or its cooperating lobe having a substantially cardioid shape, said upper and lower heads having therein inlet and outlet ports for eacl chamber, and means constraining the piston lobes to move in predetermined paths within said chambers and maintaining at all times a sealing relationship with respect to the walls 'of said chambers, said constraining means v vincluding means forcing the center of one of the piston lobes to move in a circular pathiabout the center of the chamber containing said lobe, and means constraining a straight line connecting the 40 centers of'said two lobes tointersect at all times a point at the middle of a straight line connecting the centers of the chambers, said ports being so disposed on the chamber heads that, in each chamber, the lobe in said chamber at all times maintains said ports out of communication with each other.

MEAD CORNELL. 

